Cement is an essential element in modern construction, as it acts as a strong glue that connects different materials together and forms the basis of huge and sensitive structures. In this article, we will review the history of cement, its types, characteristics, manufacturing process, applications and challenges related to cement.
The history of cement
The use of cement-like adhesives dates back to ancient times. The ancient Egyptians used plaster and clay in the construction of pyramids and other buildings since about 4000 years ago. Also, the ancient Romans took an important step in the development of this industry by inventing a type of cement called “Lange shell” which was made from a mixture of lime, volcanic ash, and clay.
Types of cement
Alborland cement: the most common type of cement that is obtained by combining limestone, clay and baked goods at a high temperature.
Algerian cement: It is made from a mixture of lime and clay without burning at high temperatures and is used for special purposes such as construction and plastering.
Iron and steel cement: It is made from a mixture of iron and limestone furnace slag, which is suitable for concrete structures exposed to water and sulfate.
Albuzoline cement: It is a mixture of Alborland cement and Albuzoline materials such as fly ash and mineral powder and is used to increase the strength and efficiency of concrete.
Properties of cement
Adhesion: The main characteristic of cement is adhesion to other particles and the development of materials.
Strength: After curing, cement has a high resistance to compression and tension.
Adaptability: cement can be mixed with water and other materials and formed into different forms.
Durability: Cement has a high resistance to different atmospheric conditions and chemicals.
Cement production process
Extraction of raw materials: the process of extracting limestone and clay from mines and transporting them to the cement factory.
Fractionation: converting raw materials into fine particles.
Al-harq: The process of burning raw materials in high-temperature rotary kilns.
Grinding: The process of grinding limestone resulting from burning with gypsum stone and producing cement.
Packaging and storage: Complete cement packing and storage in special bags or containers.
Cement applications
Construction: The most important cement jobs are concrete construction for walls, roofs, windows, columns, and foundations.
Mortar: Cement is used in the manufacture of mortar, bricks, blocks and stones.
Insulation: Cement is used in the manufacture of thermal and moisture insulation.
Sculpture: cement is used in making sculptures and artistic elements.
Challenges related to cement
Energy consumption: Cement production consumes a lot of energy and produces a lot of carbon dioxide.
Environmental pollution: the extraction of raw materials and the production of cement can cause air and water pollution.
Health effects: contact with cement can cause problems in the respiratory system.
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